1stBACH_ MODALS AND MODAL PERFECTS

Good morning class!

This is Grammar lesson from unit 3, to round up this trimester: modal verbs. These verbs are called modals because they express modality; this is, they ADD MEANING to another verb: obligation, permission, possibility and ability.

For the notes that you must turn in next week, don´t forget to add both MODALS and MODAL PERFECTS along with their use. Thanks!

Before I go on with the grammar lesson, I´d like to give you a set of GOLDEN RULES to avoid those recurring mistakes:

BASIC GOLDEN RULES TO USE MODAL VERBS

- Modal verbs NEVER add an ´s´ in the 3rd person singular:
                  She MUSTS wear a dress for the party. 
- They don´t need auxiliaries to make negative sentences or questions:
                  Can we go with you? / You shouldn´t get so close to the edge. 
- We use an infinitive WITHOUT ´to´ after modal verbs (except with ´ought TO´):
                  They must TO arrive early / Could we TO go to the cinema tonight?


Below you can find a couple of charts that will help those ´visual´ learners. Don´t forget to identify the ´uses´ in each chart, as they explain when you will need them.

SIMPLE MODALS

PERFECT MODALS 

(they refer to past situations)

As always, I am also enclosing a couple of videos for you to digest grammar and come to class next day with your notes to start practicing and understanding by doing.

BASIC MATERIAL:
Simple Modals

Perfect Modals

CHALLENGE MATERIAL
This video is a very nice summary of modal verbs and their perfect forms. If you don´t remember modal verbs from previous years and you first need to review them, you might have to watch the `basic material` videos first.

And another clarifying video from BBC Learning English: